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  • yehoshua steinberg

ืฉืžื™ื ื™: ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื ืœื˜ืžื˜ื•ื ~ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื’

ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ: 18 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืณ 2022





ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื:ืžื’โ€“ืึทืœ ืชึฐึผืฉึทืืงึฐึผืฆื•ึผ ืึถืช ื ึทืคึฐืฉึนืืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื‘ึฐึผื›ึธืœ ื”ึทืฉึถึผืืจึถืฅ ื”ึทืฉึนึผืืจึตืฅ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึดื˜ึทึผืžึฐึผืื•ึผ ื‘ึธึผื”ึถื ื•ึฐื ึดื˜ึฐืžึตืชึถื ื‘ึธึผื.

[ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืชืจื’ื ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืœื™ื โ€œืชื˜ืžืื•โ€œื•โ€œื•ื ื˜ืžืชืโ€œื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื–ื”ื” (ืœืžืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืโ€˜ ื‘ืžืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”)]: ืชโ€œืโ€“ ืœึธื ืชึฐืฉึทืืงึฐืฆื•ึผืŸ ื™ึทืช ื ึทืคึฐืฉึธืืชึตื›ื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึฐึผื›ึธืœ ืจึดื—ึฒืฉึธืื ื“ึดืจึฐื—ึตื™ืฉื ื•ึฐืœึธื ืชึดืกึฐืชึทึผืึฒื‘ื•ึผืŸ ื‘ึฐึผื”ื•ึนืŸ ื“ึดื™ืœึฐืžึธื ืชึดึผืกึฐืชึทึผืึฒื‘ื•ึผืŸ ืคึผื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึฐึผื”ื•ึนืŸ. [ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืžืจืฉโ€œื™,ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืฉืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื˜ื•ืžืื”]:ืจืฉโ€œื™ โ€“ื•ึฐื ึดื˜ึฐืžึตืชึถื ื‘ึธึผื โ€“ืื ืืชื ืžื˜ืžืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืืฃ ืื ื™ ืžื˜ืžื ืืชื›ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžืขืœื”.

[ืื•ืœื, ืจืื‘โ€œืข ื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ืขื” ืฉืžืœืช โ€œื•ื ื˜ืžืชืโ€œื ื’ื–ืจืช ืžืฉืจืฉ ืื—ืจ (ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืจื“โ€œืง [ืขืจืšโ€˜ื˜ืžื”โ€˜],ื•ืจืฉืจโ€œื” ื›ืืŸ)]:ืื‘โ€œืข โ€“ ื—ืกืจ ืืœโ€œืฃ, ื›ืžื•:ืžืจืฉื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื” (ื“ื‘โ€˜ ื™ื:ื™ื‘).ื•ื™โ€œื ืฉื”ื ืฉื ื™ ืฉืจืฉื™ื, ื•ื”ืขื“:ื ื˜ืžื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™ื—:ื’), ื•ื˜ืขืžื• ื›ืื“ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื“ืขืช. [ื•ื”ื’ืžืจื ืื›ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืืช ื”ืžืœื” ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื˜ืžื˜ื•ื ื•ืื˜ื™ืžื•ืช]:ื™ื•ืžื ืœื˜. โ€“ ืชื ื ื“ื‘ื™ ืจโ€˜ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืžื˜ืžื˜ืžืช ืœื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื,ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื ื˜ืžืชื ื‘ื,ืืœ ืชืงืจื™ ื•ื ื˜ืžืชื ืืœื ื•ื ื˜ืžื˜ื; ืจืฉโ€œื™โ€“ ืžื˜ืžื˜ืžืช โ€“ืื•ื˜ืžืช ื•ืกื•ืชืžืช ืžื›ืœ ื—ื›ืžื”; ืชื•ืจื” ืชืžื™ืžื” (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื:ืžื’, ื”ืขืจื” ืงืฆื•) โ€“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ืžื“ื™ื™ืง ืžื“ืœื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื ื˜ืžืืชื ื‘ืืœโ€œืฃ ื›ืคื™ ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื˜ืžื,ื•ื“ืจื™ืฉ ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื˜ืžื˜ื•ื1.

[ืจื“โ€œืง ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉืจืฉ โ€˜ื˜ืžื”โ€˜ื”ื™ื ืกืชื™ืžื”]:ืจื“โ€œืง (ืขืจืšโ€˜ื˜ืžื”โ€˜) โ€“ ื ึดื˜ึฐืžึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐึผืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื›ึถื (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™ื—:ื’), ื•ึฐื ึดื˜ึฐืžึตืชึถื ื‘ึธึผื (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื:ืžื’), ืขื ื™ืŸ ืกืชื™ืžืช ื”ืœื‘.[ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉืžืฉืจืฉ ื–ื” ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืžืœื™ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื–โ€œืœ]: ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื–โ€œืœโ€ฆืžื˜ืžื˜ื ืืช ื”ืœื‘ (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืžื‘.). ื•ืงืจืื• ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื•ื (ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื‘.), ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืกืชื•ื,ืฉืœื ื ืจืื” ืœื• ื–ื›ืจื•ืช. ื•ื›ืŸโ€ฆ ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื›ืกื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ืชื™ื ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืœื˜ืžื™ื•ืŸ (ืกื•ื›ื” ื›ื˜:), ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืกืชื•ืžื™ืŸ ืžื”ื ืฉืœื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืœื”ื ืขื•ื“.[ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืจื“โ€œืง ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื’ื โ€˜ื˜ืžืโ€˜ ืขื ืโ€˜ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชืกื’ื™ืจื”]:ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื•:ื” โ€“ื•ึธืึนืžึทืจ ืื•ึนื™ ืœึดื™ ื›ึดื™ ื ึดื“ึฐืžึตื™ืชึดื™ ื›ึดึผื™ ืึดื™ืฉื ื˜ึฐืžึตื ืฉึฐื‚ืคึธืชึทื™ึดื ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™; ืจื“โ€œืง โ€“ื•ืื“ื•ื ื™ ืื‘ื™ ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื• ืœื‘ืจื›ื”2ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื ื“ืžืชื™ ื ืฉืชืชืงืชื™,ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื˜ืžื ืฉืคืชื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืกื’ื•ืจ ืฉืคืชื™ื.

[ืœืคื™ ื“ืขื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืจื“โ€œืง, ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ืืจื‘ืข ืžืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช โ€˜ื˜ืโ€˜ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืกื’ื™ืจื” ื•ืกืชื™ืžื”]:


ื˜ืžื”โ€“[ื›ื โ€œืœ].


ื˜ืžืโ€“[ื›ื โ€œืœ].


ื˜ืžื˜ื•ื(ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื–โ€œืœ) โ€“ [ื•ืจืฉื‘โ€œื ืžืจืžื– ืœืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ โ€œื˜ื•ืžื˜ื•ืโ€œืœโ€œืื˜ื•ืโ€œ]:ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืงืž:โ€“ ืžืชื ื™โ€˜.ื”ื ื™ื— ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื•ื;ืจืฉื‘โ€œืโ€“ื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื•ืโ€“ืื˜ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ื• ืœื ื–ื›ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื ื ืงื‘ื•ืช.


ื˜ืžื™ื•ืŸ(ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื–โ€œืœ) โ€“ [ืขื ื™ืŸืกืชื™ืžื”ืœืคื™ ืจื“โ€œืง ื›ื โ€œืœ3].

[ื•ืœืขโ€œื“ ื ืจืื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืจืฉื™ืžื” ื–ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช โ€˜ื˜ืโ€˜]:

5. ืื˜ื, 6. ื˜ืžืŸ, 7. ืฉื˜ื, 8. ืกื˜ื, 9. ื—ื˜ื, 10. ื—ืจื˜ื , 11. ื˜ืžืจ, 12. ื˜ืžืข.[ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžืœื™ื ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช โ€˜ื˜ืโ€˜, ื’ื ืžืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช โ€˜ืชืโ€˜ ืžื•ืจื•ืช ืืฃ ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื]: 13. ื—ืชื, 14. ืกืชื, 15. ืชื, 16. ื›ืชื, 17. ืขืชื, 18. ืžืชื•ื, 19. ืชืžื™ื, 20. ืชื™ื•ืžืช, 21. ื™ืชื, 22. ืจืชื.


ืื˜ืโ€“[ืžืคืจืฉื™ ืกืคืจ ืื™ื•ื‘ ืงื™ืฉืจื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืจืฉ โ€˜ื˜ืžื”โ€˜ืœืœืฉื•ืŸโ€œืื˜ื•ืโ€œ]:ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™ื—:ื’โ€“ื ึดื˜ึฐืžึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐึผืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื›ึถื;ืžืฆโ€œืฆโ€“ื ื˜ืžื™ื ื•โ€“ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืื˜ื™ืžื•ืช,ื•ื›ืŸ:ื•ื ื˜ืžืชื ื‘ื (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื).


ื˜ืžืŸโ€“[ืฉืจืฉ ื–ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ื™,ื›ืžื•]:ื‘ืจโ€˜ืœื”:ื“โ€“ื›ึธึผืœ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ื”ึทื ึตึผื›ึธืจ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื‘ึฐึผื™ึธื“ึธื ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทื ึฐึผื–ึธืžึดื™ื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื‘ึฐึผืึธื–ึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึทื™ึดึผื˜ึฐืžึนืŸ ืึนืชึธื ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืชึทึผื—ึทืช ื”ึธืึตืœึธื”.[ืื•ืœื ื”ืžืœื” ืžื•ืจื” ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืชืจ,ืื˜ื™ืžื” ื•ืกืชื™ืžื”,ื•ื”ื™ื ืชืจื’ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื” โ€œืกืชื™ืžื”โ€œ]:ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื•:ื˜ื•โ€“ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื‘ึฐึผืึตืจึนืชโ€ฆืกึดืชึฐึผืžื•ึผื ืคึฐึผืœึดืฉึฐืืชึดึผื™ื ื•ึทื™ึฐืžึทืœึฐืื•ึผื ืขึธืคึธืจ;ืชโ€œืโ€“ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื‘ึตึผื™ืจึดื™ืŸโ€ฆื˜ึทืžึผื•ึนื ื•ึผืŸ ืคึฐึผืœึดืฉึฐืืชึธึผืึตื™ ื•ึผืžึฐืœื•ึนื ื•ึผืŸ ืขึทืคึฐืจึธื4.


ืฉื˜ืโ€“[ืžืฉื•ื” ืจืฉืจโ€œื” ืืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ โ€˜ืฉื˜ืโ€˜ืœโ€˜ืกืชืโ€˜]:ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื–:ืžืโ€“ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐื‚ื˜ึนื ืขึตืฉึธื‚ื• ืึถืช ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘;ืจืฉืจโ€œื”โ€“ื•ื™ืฉื˜ื ืขืฉื• ืืช ื™ืขืงื‘ โ€“ โ€˜ืฉื˜ืโ€˜ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœโ€˜ืฉื‚ืชืโ€˜ (โ€œื’ื ื›ื™ ืื–ืขืง ื•ืืฉื•ืข ืฉึธื‚ืชึทื ืชืคืœืชื™โ€œ5[ืื™ื›ื” ื’:ื—])ื•โ€˜ืกืชืโ€˜6. [ื”ื•ืจืืชโ€˜ืฉื˜ืโ€˜]:ืฉื ืื” ื›ื‘ื•ืฉื”;ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” โ€˜ื ื˜ืจโ€˜,ืฉื”ื•ืจืืชื• ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช:ืœืฉืžื•ืจ,ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ,ื•ื”ื•ืจืืชื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช:ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืื™ื‘ื”7.


ืกื˜ื(ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื–โ€œืœ/ืืจืžื™ืช) โ€“ [โ€œืกื™ื˜ื•ืžืชืโ€œื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืชืžืช8,ื›ื’ื•ืŸ]:ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืขื“.โ€“ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ืคืคื™ ืžืฉืžื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื:ื”ืื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืžืชื ืงื ื™ื;ืจืฉโ€œื™โ€“ืกื™ื˜ื•ืžืชืโ€“ื—ื•ืชื ืฉืจื•ืฉืžื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืŸ.[ื•ื›ืŸ ืชืจื’ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ (ืžื™ื•ื—ืก) โ€œื—ื•ืชืžืšโ€œื‘ืžืœื”โ€œืกื™ื˜ื•ืžืชืšโ€œ]:ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื—:ื™ื—โ€“ื—ึนืชึธืžึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืคึฐืชึดื™ืœึถืšึธ ื•ึผืžึทื˜ึฐึผืšึธ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื‘ึฐึผื™ึธื“ึถืšึธ;ืชโ€œื™โ€“ืกึดื™ื˜ื•ึผืžึฐืชึธึผืšึฐ ื•ึฐื—ื•ึผื˜ึฐื™ึธื™ืšึฐ ื•ึฐื—ื•ึผื˜ึฐืจึธืšึฐ.


ื—ื˜ืโ€“[ืžืœื” ื–ื• ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ืจืง ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื]:ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืžื—:ื˜โ€“ืึทืึฒืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืึทืคึดึผื™ ื•ึผืชึฐื”ึดืœึธึผืชึดื™ ืึถื—ึฑื˜ึธื ืœึธืšึฐ.[ื”ืžืœื” ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ โ€œืื—ืชืโ€œ]:ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื” ื”:ื•โ€“ื•ึผืชึฐื”ึดืœึธึผืชึดื™ ืึถื—ึฑื˜ึธื ืœึธืšึฐ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืžื—:ื˜)ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชื—ืœืœ ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘โ€œื” ื‘ื”ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื ืงืฅ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื—ืชื•ืโ€ฆื“โ€œื ื•ึผืชึฐื”ึดืœึธึผืชึดื™ ืึถื—ึฑื˜ึธื ืœึธืšึฐโ€ฆื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชื”ืœืœ ืฉืžื• ื‘ื”ื ื”ืงื‘โ€œื” ื—ื•ืชืžื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”;ืžืชโ€œื›โ€“ื“ืจืฉ ืื—ื˜ื ื›ืžื• ืื—ืชืโ€ฆืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืชื,ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื ื—ื•ืชื ืขืœ ืœื‘ื• ื•ื–ืจื•ืขื•.[ื•ืžืขื™ืŸ ื›ืš ืคื™ืจืฉ ืืœืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืžืœื” ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื•ืกื’ื™ืจื”ื’ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืคืฉื˜]:ืืœืฉื™ืš ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืžื—:ื˜โ€“ืื—ื˜ื ืœืš,ืฉืืขื›ื‘ ื‘ื™ื“ื”9ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื ื—ืจื™ ื”ืืฃ ืžืžื ื”;[ื’ื ืจืฉโ€œื™ ืคื™ืจืฉ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ,ื•ืงื™ืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืžืœื” ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ โ€œื—ื•ื˜ืโ€ (ืืฃ)ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื–โ€œืœ]:ืจืฉโ€œื™โ€“ื•ืชื”ืœืชื™ ืื—ื˜ื ืœืš โ€“ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืชื”ืœืชื™ ืืฉืจ ืื—ื˜ื ืœืš,ืœโ€˜ื—ื•ื˜ื:ืืกืชื•ื ื—ื•ื˜ืžื™ ืžึดืฆึตืืช ืขืฉืŸ ื ื—ื™ืจึทื™.


ื—ืจื˜ืโ€“[ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืžืชืืจืช ืืช ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื ืชื—ื™ ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื›ื”ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื›ื• ืœื”ืขืœื•ืชื ืœื›ื‘ืฉ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—]:ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื.-ืœื:โ€“ ื ืžืฆืื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ืโ€ฆื”ืจืืฉ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•,ื•ื—ื•ื˜ืžื• ื›ืœืคื™ ื–ืจื•ืขื•,ืงืจื ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ื•;[ื’ืจืก ื”ืขืจื•ืš ื›ืืŸ โ€œื—ืจื˜ื•ืžื•โ€œื‘ืžืงื•ืโ€œื—ื•ื˜ืžื•โ€œ,ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ื™ืจืกืช ืจืื‘โ€œื“ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืžืฉื ื”,ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ]:ื•ื—ืจื˜ื•ืžื• ื›ืœืคื™ ื–ืจื•ืขื•,ืคื™ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ื ืงืจื ื—ืจื˜ื•ื.

[ื‘ืขืœ ืžืืžืจ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ โ€œืฉืขืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”โ€œื”ืฆื™ืข ืงืฉืจ ื’ื ื‘ื™ืŸ โ€œื—ืจื˜ื•ืžื™ ืžืฆืจื™ืโ€œืœโ€œื—ื•ื˜ืโ€œ,ืขืœ ืคื™ ืื’ื“ืชื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื›ืฉืฃ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื]:ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืกื–: โ€“ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ืืฉื™:ื—ื–ื™ื ื ืœื™ื” ืœืื‘ื•ื” ื“ืงืจื ื ื“ื ืคื™ืฅ ื•ืฉื“ื™ ื›ืจื™ื›ื™ ื“ืฉื™ืจืื™ ืžื ื—ื™ืจื™ื”.ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ื”ื—ืจื˜ืžื™ื ืืœ ืคืจืขื”;ืจืฉโ€œื™ โ€“ืื‘ื•ื” ื“ืงืจื ื โ€“ืžื›ืฉืฃ ื”ื™ื”.ืžื ืคืฅ โ€“ื—ื•ื˜ืžื• ื‘ื›ื— ืžื•ืงื™ื™โ€œืจ ื‘ืœืขื– [ืœืงื ื— ื”ืืฃ]. ื•ืฉื“ื™ ื›ืจื™ื›ื™ ื“ืฉื™ืจืื™ ืžื ื—ื™ืจื™ื• โ€“ืžืฉืœื™ืš ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื™ืœื™ื;ืฉืขืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื™:ื(ื”ื•ืกืคื”),ื•ื•ืจืฉื,ืชืจืขโ€œื“ โ€“ ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฉโ€œืก ื”ื โ€œืœ ื ื•ืœื“ื” ืืฆืœื™ ื”ืฉืขืจื” ืฉืœื›ืŸ ื ืงืจืื• ื—ืœืง ืื—ื“ ืžืžื›ืฉืคื™ ืคืจืขื” ื—ืจื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื”ืจืื• ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ื•ื›ืฉื•ืคื™ื ืขโ€œื™ ืขื˜ื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื˜ืžื ื‘ื›ื—. ื•ื”ื ื” ื—ืจื˜ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ื˜ืโ€ฆื‘ืฉโ€œืก ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื—ืจื˜ื•ื ืœื”ื•ืจืืช ื—ื•ื˜ืโ€ฆื”ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื10.


ื˜ืžืจ(ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื–โ€œืœ/ืืจืžื™ืช) โ€“ [ืกื’ื™ืจื”,ื”ืกืชืจื”,ื›ื’ื•ืŸ]:ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืž:ื›ื–โ€“ื ึดืกึฐืชึฐึผืจึธื” ื“ึทืจึฐื›ึดึผื™ ืžึตื”โ€˜;ืชโ€œื™โ€“ืžึฐื˜ึทืžึฐืจึธื ืื•ึนืจึฐื—ึดื™ ืžึดืŸ ืงึณื“ึธื ื”โ€˜;ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื’:โ€“ ื—ืžืฉื” ืกื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื ืŸ ืงืžื™ื” ื“ืจโ€˜ื™ืืฉื™ื” ื“ืžืŸ ืื•ืฉื,ืืชื ื”ื”ื•ื ื’ื‘ืจื ืงืžื™ื” ื•ืืฉืงืœื™ื” ื’ื™ื˜ื ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจื—ื™ื”,ืืžืจ ืœืŸ:ื–ื™ืœื• ืื˜ืžื•ืจื• ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ืœื”;ืจืฉโ€œื™โ€“ื–ื™ืœื• ืื™ื˜ืžื•ืจื• โ€“ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื›ืคืื•ื”ื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ืืžืจ ืจื•ืฆื” ืื ื™ ื”ืกืชื™ืจื• ืขืฆืžื›ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ืืชื›ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขื“ื•ืช.


ื˜ืžืข(ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื–โ€œืœ/ืืจืžื™ืช) โ€“ [ืฉืงื™ืขื”,ืกื’ื™ืจื”,ื”ืกืชืจื”.ื‘ืžืงืจืโ€œื‘ื ื”ืฉืžืฉโ€œืชืจื’ื ื™ื‘โ€œืขโ€œื˜ืžืข ืฉืžืฉืโ€ โ€“ ื”ืจื™โ€˜ื˜ืžืขโ€˜ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸืฉืงื™ืขื”/ื™ืจื™ื“ื”]:ื‘ืจโ€˜ื›ื—:ื™ืโ€“ื•ึทื™ึธึผืœึถืŸ ืฉึธืื ื›ึดึผื™ ื‘ึธื ื”ึทืฉึถึผืืžึถืฉื;ืชืžโ€œื™:ื•ืฆืœื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉื ื•ื‘ืช ืชืžืŸ ืืจื•ื ื˜ืžืข ืฉืžืฉื.[ืชืจื’ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ โ€œืžื˜ืžื•ื ื™ืโ€œื”ื™ืโ€œื˜ื•ืžืขื™ืโ€ โ€“ ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉโ€˜ื˜ืžืขโ€˜ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืกืชืจ]:ืื™ื•ื‘ ื’:ื›ืโ€“ื”ึทืžึฐื—ึทื›ึดึผื™ื ืœึทืžึธึผื•ึถืช ื•ึฐืึตื™ื ึถื ึผื•ึผ ื•ึทื™ึทึผื—ึฐืคึฐึผืจึปื”ื•ึผ ืžึดืžึทึผื˜ึฐืžื•ึนื ึดื™ื;ืชืจื’ื•ื:ื•ื—ืคืกื™ืŸ ืœื™ื” ืžืŸ ื˜ื•ืžืขื™ื.[ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื–โ€œืœ]:ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉโ€˜ื›:โ€“ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื›ื™ ื“ืœื ืœื™ื˜ืžืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื;[ื›ืœื•ืžืจ,ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืชืงืข ื•ื™ืกื’ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื›ื•โ€œื].


ื—ืชืโ€“ [ืกื’ื™ืจื” ื•ืกืชื™ืžื”11,ื›ื’ื•ืŸ]:ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื›ื˜:ื™ืโ€“ื•ึทืชึฐึผื”ึดื™ ืœึธื›ึถื ื—ึธื–ื•ึผืช ื”ึทื›ึนึผืœ ื›ึฐึผื“ึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ื”ึทืกึตึผืคึถืจ ื”ึถื—ึธืชื•ึผื;ืžืฆโ€œืฆโ€“ื”ื—ืชื•ืโ€“ืขื ื™ืŸ ืกืชื™ืžื” ื•ืกื’ื™ืจื” ื›ืžื• ื—ืชื•ื ืชื•ืจื” (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื—:ื˜ื–).ืื™ื•ื‘ ืžื:ื–โ€“ื’ึทึผืึฒื•ึธื” ืึฒืคึดื™ืงึตื™ ืžึธื’ึดื ึดึผื™ื ืกึธื’ื•ึผืจ ื—ื•ึนืชึธื ืฆึธืจ;ืžืฆโ€œืฆโ€“ื—ื•ืชืโ€“ืขื ื™ืŸ ืกืชื™ืžื” ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ ื—ืชื•ื ื”ื•ื (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื›ื˜).


ืกืชืโ€“ [ืื˜ื™ืžื”,ืกืชื™ืžื”. โ€œืกืชื™ืžื”โ€œืžืชื•ืจื’ืžืช ื‘ืžืœื” โ€œื˜ืžื•ืŸโ€œ12,ื›ื’ื•ืŸ]:ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื•:ื˜ื•โ€“ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื‘ึฐึผืึตืจึนืชโ€ฆืกึดืชึฐึผืžื•ึผื ืคึฐึผืœึดืฉึฐืืชึดึผื™ื ื•ึทื™ึฐืžึทืœึฐืื•ึผื ืขึธืคึธืจ;ืชโ€œืโ€“ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื‘ึตึผื™ืจึดื™ืŸโ€ฆื˜ึทืžึผื•ึนื ื•ึผืŸ ืคึฐึผืœึดืฉึฐืืชึธึผืึตื™.


ืชืโ€“ [ืฉืืœืช ื”โ€œืชืโ€œื‘ื”ื’ื“ื”โ€œืžื” ื–ืืชโ€œืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื”]:ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื’:ื™ื“โ€“ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐืืึธืœึฐืšึธ ื‘ึดื ึฐืšึธ ืžึธื—ึธืจ ืœึตืืžึนืจ ืžึทื” ื–ึนึผืืช;[ืจืฉโ€œื™ ืชื™ืืจ ืืช ืฉืืœืช ื”ืชื ื›โ€œืฉื•ืืœ ื“ืจืš ืกืชื•ืžื”โ€œ13]:ืจืฉโ€œื™โ€“ืžื” ื–ืืช โ€“ื–ื” ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื˜ืคืฉ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ืฉืืœืชื• ื•ืกื•ืชื ื•ืฉื•ืืœ ืžื” ื–ืืชโ€ฆื“ื‘ืจื” ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื‘ื ื™ื,ืจืฉืข ื•ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื”ืฉื•ืืœ ื“ืจืš ืกืชื•ืžื”14ื•ื”ืฉื•ืืœ ื“ืจืš ื—ื›ืžื”15.


ื›ืชืโ€“ [ื›ืกื•ื™ ืœืกืชื™ืžืช ื”ื›ื“ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื–โ€œืœ,ื›ื’ื•ืŸ]:ืฉื‘ืช ืงื”:โ€“ ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ื ืชื‘ืจ ื ื›ืชืžื;ืจืฉโ€œื™โ€“ื ื›ืชืžืโ€“ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื›ื“.[ื•ื—ื–โ€œืœ ื“ืจืฉื• ืืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ โ€œืžื›ืชืโ€œื›ืžืœื” ื›ืคื•ืœื”,ืžืŸโ€œืžืšโ€œื•โ€œืชืโ€œ,ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื“ึธื•ึดื“ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™ื• (ืžืš)ื•ืฉืœื(ืชื)]:ืกื•ื˜ื” ื™: โ€“ืœึทืžึฐื ึทืฆึตึผื—ึท ืขึทืœ ื™ื•ึนื ึทืช ืึตืœึถื ืจึฐื—ึนืงึดื™ื ืœึฐื“ึธื•ึดื“ ืžึดื›ึฐืชึธึผื (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื ื•:ื)โ€ฆืœื“ื•ื“ ืžื›ืชื โ€“ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืžื ื” ื“ื•ื“,ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืš ื•ืชื ืœื›ืœ16.


ืขืชืโ€“ [ืžืœื‘ื™โ€œื ืคื™ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืœื” ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืื˜ื™ืžื” ื•ืกืชื™ืžื”]:ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื˜:ื™ื—โ€“ื‘ึฐึผืขึถื‘ึฐืจึทืช ื”โ€˜ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช ื ึถืขึฐืชึทึผื ืึธืจึถืฅ;ืžืœื‘ื™โ€œืโ€“ื ืขืชื.ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ืื˜ื ื•ืกืชื™ืžื”,ื•ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืคื™ืจืฉื• ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืš ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™.[ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืงื™ืฉืจ โ€˜ื—ืชืโ€˜, โ€˜ืกืชืโ€˜ื•โ€˜ืขืชืโ€˜,ืฉืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื›ื•ืœื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืกื’ื™ืจื” ื•ืกืชื™ืžื”]:ืื‘ื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ (ืขืจืšโ€˜ื—ืชื”โ€˜ โ€“ ืชโ€œื“):โ€˜ื—ืชืโ€˜ืžื•ืจื”โ€ฆืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืกื’ื™ืจื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื’ื โ€˜ืกืชืโ€˜, โ€˜ืขืชืโ€˜,ื”ื ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื–ื”,ื•ื™ื”ื™โ€˜ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ:ื ืขืชื ืืจืฅ (ื™ืฉืขโ€˜ื˜:ื™ื—)ื ืกืชืžื”17.


ืžืชื•ืโ€“ [ืจื“โ€œืง ืคื™ืจืฉื” ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช]:ืชื”ืœื™ื ืœื—:ื“โ€“ืึตื™ืŸ ืžึฐืชึนื ื‘ึดึผื‘ึฐืฉึธื‚ืจึดื™ ืžึดืคึฐึผื ึตื™ ื–ึทืขึฐืžึถืšึธ ืึตื™ืŸ ืฉึธืืœื•ึนื ื‘ึทึผืขึฒืฆึธืžึทื™ ืžึดืคึฐึผื ึตื™ ื—ึทื˜ึธึผืืชึดื™;ืจื“โ€œืงโ€“ืžืชื•ื,ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ:ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืจื• ื ื’ื•ืข ื›ื•ืœื•.


ืชืžื™ืโ€“ [ื”ืžืœื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžืช ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช]:ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื•:ื˜โ€“ื ึนื—ึท ืึดื™ืฉื ืฆึทื“ึดึผื™ืง ืชึธึผืžึดื™ื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึฐึผื“ึนืจึนืชึธื™ื•;ืชโ€œื™โ€“ื ึนื—ึท ื”ึฒื•ึธื” ื’ึฐื‘ึทืจ ื–ึทื›ึทึผืื™ ืฉึฐืืœึดื™ื ื‘ึฐึผืขื•ึนื‘ึฐื“ึดื™ืŸ ื˜ึธื‘ึดื™ืŸ ื”ึฒื•ึธื” ื‘ึฐึผื“ึธืจื•ึนื”ึดื™.ื•ื™ืงืจื ื“:ื›ื—โ€“ืฉึฐื‚ืขึดื™ืจึทืช ืขึดื–ึดึผื™ื ืชึฐึผืžึดื™ืžึธื”.ืชโ€œืโ€“ืฆึฐืคึดื™ืจึทืช ืขึดื–ึตื™ ืฉืœืžื.ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’:ื˜ื•โ€“ืฉึถืื‘ึทืข ืฉึทืื‘ึธึผืชื•ึนืช ืชึฐึผืžึดื™ืžึนืช ืชึดึผื”ึฐื™ึถื™ื ึธื”;ืชโ€œืโ€“ืฉึฐืื‘ึทืข ืฉึฐืื‘ื•ึผืขึดืŸ ืฉึทืืœึฐืžึดืŸ ื™ึถื”ึถื•ึฐื™ึทืŸ.


ืชื™ื•ืžืช(ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื–โ€œืœ)โ€“ [ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืคื™ืจืฉ โ€œืื™ืฉ ืชืโ€œืขืœ ืคื™ ืงื™ืจื‘ืช โ€œืชืโ€œืœโ€œืชื™ื•ืžืชโ€œ]:ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื”:ื›ื–โ€“ื•ึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืึดื™ืฉื ืชึธึผื ื™ึนืฉึตืื‘ ืึนื”ึธืœึดื™ื;ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™โ€“ืžืœืชโ€œืชืโ€œโ€ฆืจื•ืžื–ืชโ€ฆืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข,ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืชื™ื•ืžืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ืŸ ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืœืฉืžืืœ.[ืื•ืœื,ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืฉืœืฉื•ืŸ ืชื™ื•ืžืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ื ื’ื–ืจืช ืžืŸ โ€œืชืโ€ / โ€œืชืžื™ืโ€ (ืฉืœื,ืกื’ื•ืจ),ื›ื’ื•ืŸ]:ื–ืจืข ืงื•ื“ืฉ (ืจโ€˜ื ืคืชืœื™ ื”ื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืฅ,ื“ืฃ ืขื“๐Ÿ™‚ โ€“ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื—ืœืงื” ื”ืชื™ื•ืžืช ืคืกื•ืœ ืฉืชื™ื•ืžืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ:ืชืžื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืขื ื”โ€˜ืืœืงื™ืš.


ื™ืชืโ€“ [ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ืคื™ืจืฉื•ื” ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช(ื›ืžื•โ€œืชืโ€œื”ื โ€œืœ)]:ืคื—ื“ ื™ืฆื—ืง (ืจโ€˜ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœืืžืคืจื•ื ื˜ื™,ื•ื ืฆื™ื”,ืชืงโ€œื™.ืื•ืชโ€œื™ืชโ€œ,ื“ืฃ ืœื˜ โ€“ืชโ€œื“18)โ€“ ื™ืชื•ื ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืชืžื™ืžื™ื ื•ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช,ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืžื” ื–ืืช ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ ื“ืื‘ื•ื”19.ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงืžื•:ื˜โ€“ื™ึธืชื•ึนื ื•ึฐืึทืœึฐืžึธื ึธื” ื™ึฐืขื•ึนื“ึตื“;ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืขื˜ (ืฉื) โ€“ ื•ืžืœืช ื™ืชื•ื ื ื’ื–ืจืช ืžืŸ:ืชึธึผื ืึธื ึดื™ ืœึนื ืึตื“ึทืข ื ึทืคึฐืฉึดืื™ (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื˜:ื›ื),ื›ื™ ื”ื ืขืจ ืฉืžืช ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ืžืœืžื“ ืœื”ื•ืขื™ืœ,ื”ื•ื ืชื,ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืœืฉืžืืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฆืจื›ื•20.


ืจืชืโ€“ [ืฉืจืฉโ€˜ืจืชืโ€˜ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืงืฉื™ืจื”,ืขื ื™ืŸ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืกื’ื™ืจื”21]:ืžื™ื›ื” ื:ื™ื’โ€“ืจึฐืชึนื ื”ึทืžึถึผืจึฐื›ึธึผื‘ึธื” ืœึธืจึถื›ึถืฉ;ืจืฉโ€œื™โ€“ืจืชื•ื ื”ืžืจื›ื‘ื” ืœืจื›ืฉ โ€“ืืกืจื• ื”ืžืจื›ื‘ื” ืœืจื›ืฉ;ืžืฆโ€œืฆโ€“ืจืชื•ืโ€“ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ื•ืงืฉื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขืจื‘ื™.[ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืžื™ืŸ ืื™ืœืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” โ€œืจื•ืชืโ€œ,ื•ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืฉื’ื—ืœื™ื• ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื—ื•ืžื ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘]:ืžโ€œื ื™ื˜:ื“โ€“ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ืชึทึผื—ึทืช ืจึนืชึถื ืึถื—ึธื“;ืžืฆโ€œืฆโ€“ืจืชืโ€“ืฉื ืื™ืœืŸ22ืฉื’ื—ืœื™ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื—ืžื™ื ืžืื•ื“,ื•ื›ืŸ:ื’ื—ืœื™ ืจืชืžื™ื (ืชื”โ€˜ืงื›:ื“).[ืžืœื‘ื™โ€œื ืงื™ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžื™ื›ื” ื”ื โ€œืœ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฅ ื”ืจื•ืชื,ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื—ืคื• ื•ืกื’ืจื• ืืช ื”ืžืจื›ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืฆื™ ื”ืจื•ืชื]:ืžืœื‘ื™โ€œื ืžื™ื›ื” ื:ื™ื’โ€“ืจืชื•ื ื”ืžืจื›ื‘ื” โ€“ืฉืชื—ืคื” ืืช ื”ืžืจื›ื‘ื”โ€ฆื‘ืขืฆื™ ืจื•ืชื.

[ืฆึดื™ึทึผื ึผื•ึผ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ืžืืžืจ ืฉืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืชืจื’ื ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืœื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื™ื ื•, โ€œืชื˜ืžืื•โ€œื•โ€œื•ื ื˜ืžืชืโ€œ,ื‘ืžืœื” ื–ื”ื”:ืชึดืกึฐืชึทึผืึฒื‘ื•ึผืŸ,ืฉืฉืจืฉื” ื”ืืจืžื™ ื”ื•ื โ€˜ืกืื‘โ€˜. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืžืœื” ื”ืืจืžื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ืœื›ืœื•ืš, ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื” ื’ื ื›ืชืจื’ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื” โ€œื•ื™ื ื›ืจื•โ€œ]:ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื™ื˜:ื“ โ€“ื™ึทืขึทืŸ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืขึฒื–ึธื‘ึปื ึดื™ ื•ึทื™ึฐื ึทื›ึฐึผืจื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึธึผืงื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื”;ืชโ€œื™ โ€“ ื—ึฒืœึทืฃ ื“ึดืฉึฐืื‘ึธืงื•ึผ ืคึผื•ึผืœึฐื—ึธื ึดื™ ื•ึฐืกึธืึดื™ื‘ื•ึผ ื™ึทืช ืึทืชึฐืจึธื ื”ึธื“ึตื™ืŸ.[ืžืฆโ€œืฆ ืคื™ืจืฉื” ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ื›ืจ ื•ื–ืจื•ืช.ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืœื” ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืกื’ืจื” ื‘ื™ื“ ืื•ื™ื‘, ืื•ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ]:ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื:ื™ื‘ โ€“ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึตึผืจึถื ื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนื ืึธื—ึดื™ืšึธ ื‘ึฐึผื™ื•ึนื ื ึธื›ึฐืจื•ึน; ืจืฉโ€œื™ โ€“ื‘ื™ื•ื ื ื›ืจื• โ€“ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืกื’ื™ืจื• ื‘ื™ื“ ืื•ื™ื‘; ืžืฆโ€œื“โ€“ ื‘ืขืช ืฉื ืชื ื›ืจ ืžืืจืฆื• ื•ื ืชื’ืจืฉ ืžืžื ื•. [ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ืš, ื”ืžืœื”โ€œื ื“ื”โ€œืžืชื•ืจื’ืžืช ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื‘ืžืœื” โ€œืžืกืื‘ืโ€œ]:ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื™ื—:ื• โ€“ื•ึฐืึถืœ ืึดืฉึธึผืื” ื ึดื“ึธึผื” ืœึนื ื™ึดืงึฐืจึธื‘; ืชโ€œื™ โ€“ื•ึผืœึฐื•ึทืช ืึดืชึธึผื ืžึฐืกึธืึฒื‘ึธื ืœึธื ืขึธืœ.[ืื•ืœื, ื”ืžืœื”โ€œื ื“ื”โ€ ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื’ื ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ื•ื’ืœื•ืช,ื›ื’ื•ืŸ]: ืื™ื›ื” ื:ื— โ€“ ื—ึตื˜ึฐื ื—ึธื˜ึฐืึธื” ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉึธืืœึดึทื ืขึทืœ ื›ึตึผืŸ ืœึฐื ึดื™ื“ึธื” ื”ึธื™ึธืชึธื”; ืจืฉโ€œื™ โ€“ืœื ื™ื“ื” โ€“ ืœื’ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ืข ื•ื ื“ ืื™ืฉืžื•ื‘โ€œืจ ื‘ืœืขโ€œื–.[ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืกื’ื™ืจื” /ืกืชื™ืžื” ืžื—ื“,ื•ื”ืจื—ืงื” / ื–ืจื•ืช(ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื’ื ืœื”ื•ืจืืช ื˜ื•ืžืื” /ืœื›ืœื•ืš) ืžืื™ื“ืš ื”ื•ื ืฉืชื•ืฆืืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช:ืื™โ€“ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืจืžืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ืžื ื™.ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช โ€˜ื˜ืโ€˜ื”ืžืงืจืื™ื•ืช].

[ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช,ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช โ€˜ืชืโ€˜ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช,ื”ืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช ื‘ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืœื™ื ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื–ื•, ื›ื โ€œืœ.ื”ื•ืจืืช ืกื’ื™ืจื” /ืกืชื™ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืืช ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืคืฅ ืื• ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ,ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช23].

[ื”ื’ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ืฉ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ืœื˜ื•ืžืื”,ื—ื–โ€œืœ ืžืฆืื• ื ื—ืžื” ืืฃ ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื”]:ืชืขื ื™ืช ื›.โ€“ ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉึธืืœึดึทื ืœึฐื ึดื“ึธึผื” ื‘ึตึผื™ื ึตื™ื”ึถื (ืื™ื›ื” ื:ื™ื–),ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืžืจ ืจื‘:ืœื‘ืจื›ื”.ื›ื ื“ื”,ืžื” ื ื“ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื”ื™ืชืจ โ€“ืืฃ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืชืงื ื”.[ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ื ื—ื ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ื ื” ื•ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•.ืโ€“ืœ,ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืชืš ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘!].


11[ื•ืจืื” ืžื ื—ืช ืฉื™ ื‘ืคโ€˜ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื–ื”ืจ ืฉโ€œื•ื ื˜ืžืชืโ€œืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืžืื” (ืกืชื•ืžื”)].


22[ื•ื‘ืขืจืšโ€˜ื˜ืžื”โ€˜ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ืฉื ื™โ€œืž]:ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืคืจืฉื™ืโ€ฆืึดื™ืฉื ื˜ึฐืžึตื ืฉึฐื‚ืคึธืชึทื™ึดื (ื™ืฉืขโ€˜ื•:ื”)โ€ฆืกืชื•ื ืฉืคืชื™ื,ืฉืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ.


33[ื•ืจืฉโ€œื™ ืงื™ืฉืจื” ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืœื™ื™ื”]:ืกื•ื›ื” ื›ื˜:โ€“ ืืžืจ ืจื‘:ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื›ืกื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ืชื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ืŸ ืœื˜ืžื™ื•ืŸ:ืขืœ ื›ื•ื‘ืฉื™ ืฉื›ืจ ืฉื›ื™ืจ;ืจืฉโ€œื™โ€“ืœื˜ืžื™ื•ืŸโ€“ืฉื ื˜ืžืžื™ืŸ ื•ื›ืœื™ื ืžืืœื™ื”ื.[ื•ื™โ€œืœ ืฉืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื” ื•ืœืกื’ื™ืจื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื™โ€“ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช,ืฉื”ืจื™ ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื™ืฆืื• ืžื”ืฉื’ ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ,ื•ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืœื”ื™ ื”ืžืืžืจ].


44[ื•ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื” ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช โ€˜ื˜ืโ€˜ืœื“ืขืช ื™ืจื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœืžื”]:ื™โ€œืฉ ื‘:ื ื–.(ืชโ€œื“)โ€“ืฉืจืฉื• ืฉืœ โ€˜ื˜ืžืŸโ€˜ื”ื•ืโ€˜ื˜ืโ€˜,ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืื˜ื™ืžื” ื•ืกืชื™ืžื”โ€ฆืžืฉื•ืงืข ื‘ื“ื•ื—ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,ื•ื”ื•ื ืื˜ื•ื ืžืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช.


55ืจืฉโ€œื™ืื™ื›ื” ื’:ื—โ€“ืฉืชื ืชืคืœืชื™ โ€“ืกืชื ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืงื™ืข ื‘ืคื ื™ื”.


66ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื“ื˜ืœื โ€œืช,ื•ื–ืกืฉืจโ€œืฅ.


77[ื•ื‘ืกืคืจ ื ื—ืœืช ืื‘ืจื”ื (ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืฉืขื˜,ืื•ืช ื“)ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื˜ืขื ืœืกื’ื™ืจืช ื•ื”ืกืชืจืช ืื™ื‘ื”]:ื•ื™ืฉื˜ื ืขืฉื•โ€ฆื•ื”ื ื“ืืžืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืžื” ื•ืœื ืืžืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื ืื”,ื™โ€œืœ ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื• ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉื” ืงื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ืœ:ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืงึทื™ึดืŸ ืึถืœ ื”ึถื‘ึถืœ ืึธื—ึดื™ื• ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื‘ึดึผื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืชึธื ื‘ึทึผืฉึธึผื‚ื“ึถื” ื•ึทื™ึธึผืงึธื ืงึทื™ึดืŸ (ื‘ืจโ€˜ื“:ื—),ื“ื”ื ื” ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืข ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื ื™ืจืื” ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื ืื•ืชื•,ืฉื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืžืžื ื• ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื•,ืืœื ื™ืืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืกืชืจื™ื ืœื—ื˜ื•ืฃ ืขื ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื• ื‘ืจืฉืชื•.ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืฉื” ืงื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืงื™ืŸ ืืœ ื”ื‘ืœ ืื—ื™ื•,ืžืื™ ืื—ื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืื—ื•ื” ื•ืจื™ืขื•ืช,ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืœื ืฉืžืจ ื”ื‘ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืžืžื ื•.ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื•ื›ื•โ€˜ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”โ€œื  ืขืฉื” ืขืฉื•,ืฉืœื ื”ืจืื” ืฉื ืืชื• ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ืืœื ื•ื™ืฉื˜ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืกืชื™ืžื”,ืฉืจืง ื‘ืกืชืจ ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื• ืฉื•ื ื ืœื™ืขืงื‘,ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืŸ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืขืฉื• ื‘ืœื‘ื• ื“ื™ื™ืงื.


88[ืฉื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื ืกืชื™ืžื” ื•ืกื’ื™ืจื”โ€“ืจืื” ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ืžืœื” โ€œื—ืชืโ€œ].


99[ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”,ืฉืชื’ืœื” ืœื‘ื‘ืœ ืขื ื”ื’ื•ืœื™ื.ื•ื”โ€˜ื™ืขื›ื‘ ื‘ืขื“ื” ืžืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื—ืจื•ืŸ ืืคื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ].


1010[ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ืคื™ืจืฉ โ€œื—ืจื˜ื•ืโ€œื›ืžืœื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืŸ โ€˜ื—ืจโ€˜ื•โ€˜ื˜ืโ€˜ โ€“ ื ื—ื™ืจื™ื ืื˜ื•ืžื™ื]:ื™โ€œืฉ ื:ื›ื–.โ€“ ื•ื ืงืจื ืžื™ืŸ ืžื›ืฉืฃ โ€˜ื—ืจื˜ืโ€˜ (ื“ื โ€˜ื‘:ื™)โ€“ืžืœื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืŸ โ€˜ื—ืจโ€˜ื•ืžืŸโ€˜ื˜ืโ€˜ โ€“ื›ืœื•ืžืจ,ืฉืื•ื˜ื ื ื—ื™ืจื™ื•,ื•ืœื•ื—ืฉ ืœื—ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืื˜ื™ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื.


1111[ืจืื” ื’ื ืœืขื™ืœ,ื‘ืžืœื”โ€œืกื˜ืโ€œ].


1212[ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ,ื‘ืžืœื”โ€œื˜ืžืŸโ€œ].


1313[ื•ืฉืžื ืžื›ืืŸ ื ื’ื–ืจืช ื’ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ โ€œืชืžื™ื”ื”โ€œ,ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืจื“โ€œืง(ืขืจืšโ€˜ืชืžื”โ€˜)]:ืชืžื”โ€“ืจึธืื•ึผ ื›ึตึผืŸ ืชึธึผืžึธื”ื•ึผ (ืชื”โ€˜ืžื—:ื•),ืึดื™ืฉื ืึถืœ ืจึตืขึตื”ื•ึผ ื™ึดืชึฐืžึธื”ื•ึผ (ื™ืฉืขโ€˜ื™ื’:ื—),ืึทืœ ืชึดึผืชึฐืžึทื”ึผ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื—ึตืคึถืฅ (ืงื”ืœืช ื”:ื–),ื•ึทื™ึดึผืชึฐืžึฐื”ื•ึผ ื”ึธืึฒื ึธืฉึดืื™ื (ื‘ืจโ€˜ืžื’:ืœื’),ื•ึฐื™ึดืชึฐืžึฐื”ื•ึผ ืžึดื’ึทึผืขึฒืจึธืชื•ึน (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื›ื•:ื™ื).ื•ื”ืฉื ืึทื›ึถึผื” ื›ึธืœ ืกื•ึผืก ื‘ึทึผืชึดึผืžึธึผื”ื•ึนืŸ (ื–ื›โ€˜ื™ื‘:ื“),ื•ึผื‘ึฐืชึดืžึฐื”ื•ึนืŸ ืœึตื‘ึธื‘ (ื“ื‘โ€˜ื›ื—:ื›ื—).ื•ื”ืชืคืขืœ ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึทึผืžึฐึผื”ื•ึผ ืชึฐึผืžึธื”ื•ึผ(ื—ื‘โ€˜ื:ื”).


14[ื•ืจโ€˜ื™ืขืงื‘ ืขืžื“ื™ืŸ ื ืงื˜ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืื—ืจ]:ืื™ื•ื‘ ื˜:ื›ืโ€“ืชึธึผื ืึธื ึดื™ ืœึนื ืึตื“ึทืข;ืžื’ื“ืœ ืขื– ื“โ€˜ืกื–โ€“ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ืจื™ืฃ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืืžืช.


15[ื•ืจืžื– ืื—ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืคืจืฉโ€œื™ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืื™ื•ื‘)]:ืื™ื•ื‘ ื˜:ื›โ€“ืคึดึผื™ ื™ึทืจึฐืฉึดืื™ืขึตื ึดื™ ืชึธึผื ืึธื ึดื™;ืจืฉโ€œื™โ€“ืคื™ ื™ืจืฉื™ืขื ื™,ื›ื™ ื™ืกืชืžื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื™ืจืื”.[ืฉืžื ืžืจืžื– ืจืฉโ€œื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ โ€œืชื ืื ื™โ€œืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืช โ€œืืฆื“ื™ืง ืคื™โ€œ,ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืกืชืžืชื™ ืืช ืคื™ ื›ืžื• ืชื ื–ื” ืฉืฉืืœื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืกืชื•ืžื™ื (ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืคืจืฉ ืจืฉโ€œื™ ืืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกื•ืคื•.ื”ืฉื•ื” ื‘ื“โ€œืž ืจืฉโ€œื™ ืœื“ื‘โ€˜ื˜:ื“,ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืืช ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง โ€œืืœ ืชืืžืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ืšโ€œืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืกื•ืง โ€œื‘ืฆื“ืงืชื™โ€œ)].


1616[ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸืฉืœื(ืกื’ื•ืจ).ื•ืจืฉโ€œื™ ื”ืฆื™ืข ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ โ€œืžื›ืชืโ€œืœโ€œื›ืชืโ€ (ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื–ื”ื‘ [ืฉื”โ€œืฉ ื”:ื™ื,ืื™ื›ื” ื“:ื]),ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืžื›ืชื ื”ื•ื ื›ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ืžึดื›ึฐืกึถื” ื•ึผืžึทื—ึฒืกึถื” ืœืจืืฉ]:ืชื”โ€˜ื˜ื–:ืโ€“ืžึดื›ึฐืชึธึผื ืœึฐื“ึธื•ึดื“ ืฉึธืืžึฐืจึตื ึดื™ ืึตืœ ื›ึดึผื™ ื—ึธืกึดื™ืชึดื™ ื‘ึธืšึฐ;ืจืฉโ€œื™โ€“ืžื›ืชื ืœื“ื•ื“ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืจื” ื›ืžื• ื›ืชื ืฉืžืฉืžืข ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืžืจื ื™ ืืœ ื›ื™ ื—ืกื™ืชื™ ื‘ืš ื•ื”ื™โ€˜ืœื• ื›ืขื˜ืจื”.[ื•ื”โ€œื›ืชืโ€œื”ืฉื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืคื™ ื—ื–โ€œืœ(ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื”ืœโ€˜ื ื“ื”)ืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืกื•ืง]:ื™ืจโ€˜ื‘:ื›ื‘โ€“ื ึดื›ึฐืชึธึผื ืขึฒื•ึนื ึตืšึฐืœืคื ื™.[ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืกื•ืคื™ืช,ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืชื•ื ื•ืกื’ื•ืจ,ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื• ื—ื–โ€œืœโ€œื ื›ืชืโ€œืœโ€œื ื—ืชืโ€œ]:ืจโ€œื” ื™ื—.โ€“ ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื’ื–โ€œื“ ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืชืโ€ฆื•ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื ื›ืชื ืขื•ื ืš ืœืคื ื™!


1717[ื•ื”ืฉื•ื” ืกโ€˜ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืจโ€˜ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืžื—ื™ (ื“ืฃ71),ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืโ€˜ื—ืชืโ€˜ื•โ€˜ืขืชืโ€˜ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ืขโ€œื” ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”].


1818[ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžื‘ืฉืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ (ืจโ€˜ืžืื™ืจ ืื™ื™ื–ืงืกื•ืŸ,ืื•โ€œื—,ื“ืฃ ืขโ€œื—)].


1919[ื”ืฉื•ื” ืกื ื”ื“โ€˜ืœื. โ€œื“ื™ื ื•ืงื ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ ื“ืื‘ื•ื” ืœื ื™ื“ืขโ€œ,ื•ืจืื” ืชื•ืกโ€˜ื“โ€œื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื” ืจโ€˜ื ื—ืžืŸ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื].


2020[ืื—ืจื™ื ืคื™ืจืฉื•ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืงืฆืช,ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืชื ื›ื—ื•.ืจืื”:ื’ื‘ืขืช ืคื ื—ืก (ืจโ€˜ืคื ื—ืก ื“ืžื‘ื™ืฆืจ,ื“ืฃ ืžื:),ืืžืจื™ ื“ื•ื“ (ืคโ€˜ืฉืžื•ืช,ื“ืฃ ืจื ื”),ืืคื™ืงื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”.ื•ื—ืฉืง ืฉืœืžื” ืคื™ืจืฉ ืฉืžื™ ืฉืžืช ืื‘ื™ื•,ืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,ื•ื ืฉืืจโ€œืชืโ€œ: โ€œืžืฉื•ืœืœ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืžื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืโ€œ].


21[ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ โ€œื—ืชื•ืโ€œื‘ืžืงืจื ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืงืฉื™ืจื”,ื›ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื ื–โ€œืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื]:ื™ืจโ€˜ืœื‘:ืžื“โ€“ืฉึธื‚ื“ื•ึนืช ื‘ึทึผื›ึถึผืกึถืฃ ื™ึดืงึฐื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื›ึธืชื•ึนื‘ ื‘ึทึผืกึตึผืคึถืจ ื•ึฐื—ึธืชื•ึนื.ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืงืก:โ€“ ื•ื—ืชื•ืโ€“ื–ื” ืžืงื•ืฉืจ;ืจืฉื‘โ€œืโ€“ื•ื—ืชื•ืโ€“ืžืฉืžืข ืฆืจื•ืจ ื•ื—ืชื•ื ื•ืžืงื•ืฉืจ.


2222[ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืคื™ ืชโ€œื™ ื ื’ื–ืจ ืฉื โ€œืจืชืžื”โ€ (ืโ€˜ืžืžโ€œื‘ ื”ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ)]:ื‘ืžโ€˜ืœื’:ื™ื—โ€“ื•ึทื™ึทึผื—ึฒื ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐึผืจึดืชึฐืžึธื”;ืชโ€œื™(ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœื•) โ€“ ื•ึผืฉึฐืืจื•ึน ื‘ึฐึผืจึดื™ืชึฐืžึธื ืึฒืชึทืจ ื“ึดืžึฐืจึทื‘ึตึผื™ ืึดื™ืœึธื ึตื™ ืจึฐืชึธืžึตื™.[ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืขืฅ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™,ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืคืจืฉโ€œื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื‘ื]:ืจืฉโ€œื™ ืกื•ื›ื” ืœื”.โ€“ ืขืฅ ืฉืคืœ ื›ืžื™ืŸ ืจื•ืชื,ืฉืื™ื ื• ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ.


23[ื•ืจืื” ืืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉโ€œืจ ื”ื™ืจืฉ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื–:ื)ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช].


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