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  • yehoshua steinberg

ืคืงื•ื“ื™: ืœืขืœื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœื”ืชื ืชืง ~ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื’

ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ: 18 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืณ 2022



ืคืงื•ื“ื™

ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื˜:ื›ื-ื•ึทื™ึดึผืจึฐื›ึฐึผืกื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทื—ึนืฉึถืืŸ ืžึดื˜ึทึผื‘ึฐึผืขึนืชึธื™ื• ืึถืœ ื˜ึทื‘ึฐึผืขึนืช ื”ึธืึตืคึนื“ ื‘ึดึผืคึฐืชึดื™ืœ ืชึฐึผื›ึตืœึถืช ืœึดื”ึฐื™ึนืช ืขึทืœ ื—ึตืฉึถืื‘ ื”ึธืึตืคึนื“ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดื–ึทึผื— ื”ึทื—ึนืฉึถืืŸ ืžึตืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึตืคึนื“ ื›ึทึผืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืฆึดื•ึธึผื” ื”โ€™ืึถืช ืžึนืฉึถืื”.

[ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื” (ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืชืฆื•ื”)ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืœืืคื•ื“ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ โ€œื•ื™ืจื›ืกื•โ€,ื•ื›ืืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘โ€ื™ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”.ืจืฉโ€ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื’ื–ืจื™ โ€˜ืจื›ืกโ€™ื‘ืžืงืจื]:ืจืฉโ€œื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื—:ื›ื—-ื•ื™ืจื›ืกื•-ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ื•ืจ,ื•ื›ืŸ:ืชึทึผืกึฐืชึดึผื™ืจึตื ื‘ึฐึผืกึตืชึถืจ ืคึธึผื ึถื™ืšึธืžึตืจึปื›ึฐืกึตื™ ืึดื™ืฉื1(ืชื”โ€™ืœื:ื›ื),ื—ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื—ื‘ืœื™ ืจืฉืขื™ื.ื•ื›ืŸ:ื•ึฐื”ึธืจึฐื›ึธืกึดื™ื ืœึฐื‘ึดืงึฐืขึธื”2(ื™ืฉืขโ€™ืž:ื“),ื”ืจื™ื ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืจื“ ืœื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืืœื ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ,ืฉืžืชื•ืš ืกืžื™ื›ืชืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื ื–ืงื•ืคื” ื•ืขืžื•ืงื”,ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื‘ืงืขืช ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื ื•ื—ื” ืœื™ืœืš3.

[ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื ื™ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืฉโ€ื•ื™ืจื›ืกื•โ€ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ืœืœื™4,ืืžื ื ืงืฉืจื• ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื’ื–ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืจืฉโ€™ืจื›ืกโ€™ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช:ืจืื‘โ€œืข-ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“:ืขื•ื•ืช5.ืžื›ืืŸโ€ื•ื™ืจื›ืกื•โ€:ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขโ€œื™ ืฉื–ื™ืจื”].ืจื™ื‘โ€œื’-ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“:ืงื•ืฉื™,ื—ื•ื–ืง6.ืžื›ืืŸโ€ื•ื™ืจื›ืกื•โ€:ื”ื™ื“ื•ืง ื‘ื—ื–ืงื”.ืจื“โ€œืง-ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“:ื’ื•ื‘ื”7.ืžื›ืืŸโ€ื•ื™ืจื›ืกื•โ€:ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื” ืœืฉื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ8.ืžืœื‘ื™โ€œืโ€“ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“:ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืง.ืžื›ืืŸโ€ื•ื™ืจื›ืกื•โ€:ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ9.ื™ืจื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœืžื”โ€“ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“:ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ื•ืฉืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ื•ืœื˜10].

[ื”ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ื”ืœืคื™ ืจื“โ€ืง(ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ)ื”ื•ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ โ€œื•ืœื ื™ื–ื— ื”ื—ืฉืŸ ืžืขืœ ื”ืืคื•ื“โ€.ื”ืžืœื”โ€ื™ื–ื—โ€ื”ื™ื ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื,ืืžื ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืคื™ืจืฉื• ืžืœื” ื–ื• ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืกืจื”11,ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืชืงืฉืจืช ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืคืกื•ืง,ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืœืืคื•ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ื™ื•ืกืจ ืžืžื ื•,ื•ื”ืจืžื‘โ€ื ืžื ื” ืื•ืชื” ื›ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”]:ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘โ€œื(ืœโ€œืช ืคื–)โ€“ ืฉื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื ื• ืžื”ืกื™ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืžืขืœ ื”ืืคื•ื“.ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจื• ื™ืชืขืœื”:ื•ืœื ื™ื–ื— ื”ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืžืขืœ ื”ืืคื•ื“ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื—:ื›ื—).ืื‘ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื•.[ื’ื ืจื“โ€ืง ืžืกื›ื™ื ืฉืขื ื™ื ื” ื”ืกืจื”,ืื•ืœื ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืงืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืžืœื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื”]:ืจื“โ€œืง(ืขืจืšโ€˜ื–ื—ื—โ€˜) -ื•ืœื ื™ื–ื— ื”ื—ืฉืŸ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื—:ื›ื—),ืขื ื™ื ื• ื•ืœื ื™ื’ื‘ื”,ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืœื ื™ื–ื•ื– ืžืขืœ ื”ืืคื•ื“.ื•ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื• ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื–โ€ืœ:ืžืฉืจื‘ื• ื–ื—ื•ื—ื™ ื”ืœื‘ (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื–.),ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ ืœื‘ ื•ื’ืกื™ ื”ืจื•ื—.[ืœืคื™ ื–ื”,ืจื“โ€ืง ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืจืืช โ€œื™ื–ื—โ€ื”ื™ื:ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื” ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืกืจื” /ืชื–ื•ื–ื”].

[ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืจื“โ€ืง,ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–โ€ืœ ื‘ืžืกโ€™ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ,ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ืจื“โ€ืง ืœืขื•ืžืง]:ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื–.-ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืœื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ ืœื”ืชื’ื“ืจ ื‘ื•;ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืฉืืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื–ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•,ื•ืืžืจื™ ืœื”:ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ื ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•.ื•ืืžืจื™ ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ื—ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•.ืžืืŸ ื“ืืžืจ ืžื–ื™ื—ื™ืŸ,ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘:ื•ืœื ื™ื–ื— ื”ื—ืฉืŸ(ืฉืžโ€™ื›ื—:ื›ื—),ื•ืžืืŸ ื“ืืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ื ื™ื—ื™ืŸ,ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘:ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ื–ื ื— ืœืขื•ืœื ื”'(ืื™ื›ื” ื’:ืœื),ื•ืžืืŸ ื“ืืžืจ ืžื–ื—ื™ื—ื™ืŸ,ื“ืชื ื™ื:ืžืฉืจื‘ื• ื–ื—ื•ื—ื™ ื”ืœื‘ืจื‘ื• ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ(ืชื•ืกืคืชื ืกื•ื˜ื” ื™ื“:ื˜).[ืจืฉโ€ื™ ืคื™ืจืฉ โ€œืžื–ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•โ€ื›ืžื•โ€ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื“ื™ืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•โ€,ืืชโ€ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ื ื™ื—ื™ืŸโ€ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸโ€ืžืฉืงืฆื™ืŸโ€,ื•ืžื–ื—ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ืคืจืฉโ€ื™โ€ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืœื‘โ€,ืื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ื•ื”ืคืจืฉื”,ื›ื“ืœื”ืœืŸ: โ€œืžื–ื™ื—ื™ืŸโ€:ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•,ืžื‘ื“ื™ืœื™ื;โ€ืžื–ื ื™ื—ื™ืŸโ€:ืฉื™ืงื•ืฅ,ื”ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžื—ืžืช ืžื™ืื•ืก;โ€ืžื–ื—ื™ื—ื™ืŸโ€:ื”ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžื—ืžืช ื’ื‘ื”ื•ืช12].

[ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื“โ€ืง,ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ โ€œื™ื–ื—โ€ื”ื•ืื’ื‘ื”ื•ืช,ื•ื”ื•ืจืืชื”ืกืจื”ื ื’ืจืจืช ืื’ื‘ ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื”.ื•ืื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืงืฉืจ ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื”ื•ืชืœื”ืกืจื”ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช13.1.ื”ืžืœื”โ€ื™ืขืœื”โ€ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžืช ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืกืชืœืงื•ืช]:ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘:ื•-ื•ึฐืึตื“ ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ;ืชโ€œื-ื•ืขื ื ื ื”ื•ื” ืกืœื™ืง ืžืŸ ืืจืขื.[2.ื”ืžืœื”โ€ื ืฉืโ€ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืœืื”ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื’โ€ื› ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ืœื•ืง ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ,ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื”ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืžืžืกืคืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช]:ื”ื›ื•ื”โ€œืง ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื“:ื™ื—-ื ื•ืฉื ืขื•ืŸ.ืชโ€ื ืฉื‘ื™ืง,ื•ื™ื‘ืขโ€ืช ืฉืจื™,ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฆืื ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ืฉื ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืกื™ืœื•ืง:ื›ืžืขื˜ ื™ืฉืื ื™ (ืื™ื•ื‘ ืœื‘);ืคื™ืจืฉโ€ื™:ื™ืกืœืงื ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื.ื•ืžื–ื”:ื•ื™ืฉืื ื“ื•ื“ (ืฉโ€ื‘ ื”) โ€“ ืกื™ืœืง ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื.ื•ื›ืŸ:ื•ืชืฉื ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืคื ื™ื• (ื ื—ื•ื ื) โ€“ ืชืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื•ืชืกืœืง,ื•ืชืจื’ื•ืžื•:ื•ื—ืจื•ื‘ืช.ื•ืžื–ื”:ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดืฉึธึผื‚ื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื ึถืคึถืฉื (ืฉโ€ื‘ ื™ื“),ื›ืœื•ืžืจ:ืื™ืŸ ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื•ืœืกืœืง ื”ื ืคืฉ,ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ ืจืฉืข ืžื“ืจื›ื• ื•ื—ื™ื”14.]ืขื•ื“ ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืฉืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื”ื•ืช ืœื”ืกืจื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžืœื” โ€œื”ึตืจึนืžึผื•ึผโ€,ืืฉืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื‘ื“โ€ื›ืœืจื•ืžื,ืืš ื ืžืฆืืช ื’ื ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืกื™ืœื•ืง,ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช]:ื”ึตืจึนืžึผื•ึผืžึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐื”ึธืขึตื“ึธื”ื”ึทื–ึนึผืืชื•ึทืึฒื›ึทืœึถึผื”ืึนืชึธืื›ึฐึผืจึธื’ึทืข(ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื–:ื™).[ืขื›โ€ืค,ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื”ืฉืœ ืจื“โ€ืง ื’ื ืืฆืœ โ€œื•ื™ืจื›ืกื•โ€ื•ื’ื ืืฆืœ โ€œื™ื–ื—โ€,ื™ืชืคืจืฉ ื”ืคืกื•ืง:ื”ืจื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ืœื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืืคื•ื“,ืืžื ื ืืœ ืชืจื™ืžื• ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™,ืขื“ ืฉื™ื•ืกืจ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื].

[ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืจืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื” โ€œื™ื–ื—โ€,ืจื“โ€ืง ื•ืจื™ื‘โ€ื’ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ื” ื‘ืขืจืš โ€˜ื–ื—ื—โ€™.ืžื ื—ื,ื›ื“ืจื›ื•,ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืขืจืš โ€˜ื–ื—โ€™,ืื•ืœื ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืชื” ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžืœื” โ€œืžื–ื—โ€]:ืžื ื—ื(ืขืจืšโ€˜ื–ื—โ€˜) -ื•ืœื ื™ื–ื— ื”ื—ืฉืŸ15,ื•ืœืžื–ื— ืชืžื™ื“16.

[ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืคืชืจื• โ€œืžื–ื—โ€ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸื—ื’ื•ืจื”ืื• ื—ื•ื–ืง,ื›ื’ื•ืŸ]:ื™ืฉืขโ€˜ื›ื’:ื™-ืึตื™ืŸ ืžึตื–ึทื— ืขื•ึนื“;ืจืฉโ€œื™โ€“ ืžื–ื— ืœโ€™ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ืžื•:ื•ืœืžื–ื— ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื—ื’ืจื” (ืชื”โ€™ืงื˜:ื™ื˜)ื•ื›ืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ืœโ€™ื—ื•ื–ืง;ืจื“โ€œืง-ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ื— ืขื•ื“,ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื–ืง.ืชื”โ€˜ืงื˜:ื™ื˜-ืชึฐึผื”ึดื™ ืœื•ึน ื›ึฐึผื‘ึถื’ึถื“ ื™ึทืขึฐื˜ึถื” ื•ึผืœึฐืžึตื–ึทื— ืชึธึผืžึดื™ื“ ื™ึทื—ึฐื’ึฐึผืจึถื”ึธ;ืจืฉโ€œื™-ื•ืœืžื–ื— ืชืžื™ื“ -ื—ื’ื•ืจื”,ื•ื›ืŸ ื•ึผืžึฐื–ึดื™ื—ึท ืึฒืคึดื™ืงึดื™ื ืจึดืคึธึผื” (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™ื‘:ื›ื)ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืคืชื—;ืจื“โ€œืง-ื•ืœืžื–ื—,ื—ื’ื•ืจื”.ื•ื›ืŸ:ื•ึผืžึฐื–ึดื™ื—ึท ืึฒืคึดื™ืงึดื™ื ืจึดืคึธึผื” (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™ื‘:ื›ื).ื›ืš ื™ื—ื’ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืงืœืœื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ื—ื’ื•ืจ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžื–ื—17.ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™ื‘:ื›ื-ื•ึผืžึฐื–ึดื™ื—ึท ืึฒืคึดื™ืงึดื™ื ืจึดืคึธึผื”;ืจืฉโ€œื™-ื•ืžื–ื™ื— ืืคื™ืงื™ื ืจืคื” -ื•ื—ื’ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื.[ื•ืจืฉโ€ื™ ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ืžื ื—ื ื›ืืŸ (ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื•)]:ืจืฉโ€œื™ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื˜:ื›ื-ื•ืœื ื™ื–ื— -ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ื™ืชื•ืง,ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขืจื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื,ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื•ื ืฉ ื‘ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื˜18.

[ื‘ืจื,ืจืžื‘โ€ืŸ ื”ื โ€ืœ(ื‘ื”ืขืจื”11)ืžืฆื™ืข ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืœื” โ€œืžื–ื—โ€ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžืœื” โ€œื™ื–ื—โ€,ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ืชื•ืง ื•ื ืชื™ืฆื”]:ืจืžื‘โ€œืŸ ืฉืžโ€˜ื›ื—:ื›ื—-ื•ืœื ื™ื–ื— ื”ื—ื•ืฉืŸ-ื›ืžื• ื™ืกื—โ€ฆืขื ื™ืŸ ื ืชื™ืฆื” ื•ื ืชื•ืง,ื‘ื—ืœื•ืฃ ืกโ€™ื•ื–โ€™.ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื•ืœืžื–ื— ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื—ื’ืจื”(ืชื”โ€™ืงื˜:ื™ื˜),ืœื”ืจืก ื•ื ืชื™ืฆื”,ื™ืืžืจ ืฉื™ื—ื’ื•ืจ ื”ืงืœืœื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื”ืจืก ื•ื™ื ืชืฅ ื‘ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืชืื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื’ื•ืจืชื19.

[ื’ื ืžืœื‘ื™โ€ื ื ื™ืกื” ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืœื” โ€œื™ื–ื—โ€ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœโ€ืžื–ื—โ€,ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืฉืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื”ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื”,ื›ื™โ€ืžื–ื—โ€ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื’ื•ืจื” ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ื”ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื’ื“]:ืžืœื‘ื™โ€œื ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื›ื’:ื™-ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืœื™ื -ืžื–ื—-ื›ืžื• ื•ืœืžื–ื— ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื—ื’ืจื” (ืชื”โ€™ืงื˜:ื™ื˜),ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื’ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ,ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื–ื•ืจ ื•ืื‘ื ื˜,ื›ื™ ืžื–ื— ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื’ื•ืจ ืฉื—ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื”ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื“ื•20,ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื™ื–ื— ื”ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืžืขืœ ื”ืืคื•ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื”,ืžื–ื— ืžื’ื‘ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื•,ื•ืžื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืืจืžื™ ื–ื—ื•ื—ื™ ื”ืœื‘.

[ืฉืžื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™.ื”ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืžืจืช]:ืฉืžโ€˜ื›ื—:ื›ื—-ื•ึฐื™ึดืจึฐื›ึฐึผืกื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทื—ึนืฉึถืืŸ ืžึดื˜ึทึผื‘ึฐึผืขึนืชึธื™ื• ืึถืœ ื˜ึทื‘ึฐึผืขึนืช ื”ึธืึตืคื•ึนื“ ื‘ึดึผืคึฐืชึดื™ืœ ืชึฐึผื›ึตืœึถืช ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ ื—ึตืฉึถืื‘ ื”ึธืึตืคื•ึนื“ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดื–ึทึผื— ื”ึทื—ึนืฉึถืืŸ ืžึตืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึตืคื•ึนื“.[ื›ืœื•ืžืจ,ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืงืคื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืœืืคื•ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ืจืš ืคืชื™ืœ ืชื›ืœืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“,ืฉืชื›ืœื™ืชื• ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื“ื•ืง ื’ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“,ืฉืœืฉื ื›ืš ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื—ื’ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ืื• ืœืจืชืง ืื•ืชื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืŸ.ืืœื ืฉืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืจื›ืกื™ื,ืฉื”ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื”ืจ,ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืžืฉ.ื‘ื›ืš ืžืฉืžืฉ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ โ€œื•ืœื ื™ื–ื—โ€ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืชื™ื•:1.ืขืœื™ื”-ืฉืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืžืขืœ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืืคื•ื“ ืžื—ื“,ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืคืชื™ืœื™ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืžืœืžื˜ื”.2.ืžืื™ื“ืš:ืื™ื ื•ืžื”ื“ืงืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืœืืคื•ื“ ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืžื–ื—,ื”ืžืชื•ื— ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืงื”.ื›ืœื•ืžืจ,ื”ืคืชื™ืœื™ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืžืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ืžืขืœ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืืคื•ื“,ืื‘ืœโ€ืœื ื™ื–ื—โ€ืžืจืžื– ื’ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื™ื“ื•ืง ื—ื–ืง ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื”,ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉืืจ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื ืžืขื™ืŸ โ€œื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจโ€ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื›ืกื™ื,ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ].

[ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉโ€ื“ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฃโ€ื”ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืœืืคื•ื“]:ื“ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฃ ืขืจื›ื™ืŸ ื˜ื–.โ€“ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง โ€œื•ืœื ื™ื–ื— ื”ื—ืฉืŸ ืžืขืœ ื”ืืคื“โ€,ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื–โ€ืœ ืฉื”ืžื–ื™ื— ื”ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืžืขืœ ื”ืืคื•ื“ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ื•ืœื•ืงื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• (ื™ื•ืžื ืขื‘.).ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื•ืกืจ,ืฉืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื—ื–โ€ืœ ื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืžื›ืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ,ื•ื”ืืคื•ื“ ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”.ื•ืฉื ื™ ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื›ื™ืคืจื• ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื [ืขโ€ื–],ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• [ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ].ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” โ€œื•ืœื ื™ื–ื— ื”ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืžืขืœ ื”ืืคื•ื“โ€,ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•.ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉืžื™ื ื•ืจืข ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืื• ืœื”ื™ืคื•ืš,ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืœื–ื•.

[ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ ื’ื ื˜ืขื ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืชื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ืชื›ืœืช,ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื (ืกื•ื˜ื” ื™ื–.)ืฉื‘ืฉื›ืจ ืืžื™ืจืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• โ€œืื ืžื—ื•ื˜ ื•ืขื“ ืฉืจื•ืš ื ืขืœโ€ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื“:ื›ื’)ื–ื›ื• ื‘ื ื™ื• ืœื—ื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ืชื›ืœืช.ืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชื›ืœืช ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉื]:ืกื•ื˜ื” ื™ื–.โ€“ ืืœื ื—ื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ืชื›ืœืช ืžืื™ ื”ื™ื?ื“ืชื ื™ื,ื”ื™ื” ืจโ€ืž ืื•ืžืจ:ืžื” ื ืฉืชื ื” ืชื›ืœืช ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ?ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืชื›ืœืช ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื™ื,ื•ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืจืงื™ืข,ื•ืจืงื™ืข ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“,ืฉื ืืžืจ:ื•ื™ืจืื• ืืช ืืœื”ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื• ื›ืžืขืฉื” ืœื‘ื ืช ื”ืกืคื™ืจ ื•ื›ืขืฆื ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœื˜ื”ืจ,ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘:ื›ืžืจืื” ืื‘ืŸ ืกืคื™ืจ ื“ืžื•ืช ื›ืกื.

[ืœืžื“ื•ื ื• ื—ื–โ€ืœ ืฉื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืจื›ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื21-ื”ื•ื ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“22.ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื›ืกืื• ื™ืชโ€™ื”ืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืขื•ื”โ€ื– ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื•,ืฉืงื™ื“ืฉ ืืช ืฉืžื• ื™ืชโ€™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•,ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื.ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืœืืคื•ื“ ืื™ื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื”ื“ื•ืง ื•ืžื–ื™ื— -ืขื›โ€ืค ืžืœืžื˜ื”-ื•ื“ืจืš ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ,ืืœื ื“ืจืš ื—ื•ื˜ ื‘ืœื‘ื“,ืœืœืžื“ ืฉืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ืœืœื ื”ืฉืงืขืช ื”ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ (ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื–ื”ื‘),ืืœื ื‘ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื” ื‘ื›ืš -ื‘ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉืจื•ื›ื™ ื ืขืœื™ื.ื•ืงืฉืจ ื›ื–ื” ืœื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื’ืŸ ื’ื ืžืคื ื™ ื–ื—ื™ื—ื•ืช,ื›ื™ ืžื™ ื›ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ื“ืข ืฉืจืง ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื™ืชโ€™ืžืœื ืขื•ืœื,ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืคืจ ื•ืืคืจ.ื•ื™ื”โ€ืจ ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื”โ€ื’ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื•ืืคื•ื“ ืžืฉืจืช ื•ืžื›ืคืจ ืขืœ ืขืžื•,ื‘ื‘โ€ื].

1ืจืฉโ€œื™ ืชื”โ€˜ืœื:ื›ื-ืžืจื•ื›ืกื™ ืื™ืฉ -ืžื—ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืจืฉืขื™ื ื”ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืœื”ืจืข ืœื”ื.

2[ื”ืฉื•ื” ืœืคืจืฉโ€ื™ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ืฉืขื™ื”]:ืจืฉโ€œื™ื™ืฉืขโ€˜ืž:ื“-ื•ื”ืจื›ืกื™ื-ื”ืจื™ื ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”,ื•ืžืชื•ืš ืกืžื™ื›ืชืŸ ืžื•ืจื“ ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื–ืงื•ืฃ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ืงื ืฉื™ื”ื ื ื•ื— ืœื™ืจื“ ื•ืœืขืœื•ืช (ื”ืจื›ืกื™ื ืžืชื•ืจื’ื ื’ื“ื•ื“ื™ื•,ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื‘ื”,ื›ืžื• ื’ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื ื”ืจ).

3[ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืจืžื– ืœื”ื•ืจืืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืฉ: โ€˜ืจื›ืกโ€™ = โ€˜ืกืจืšโ€™ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ืžื™ืงื•ื ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช.ืฉืจืฉโ€™ืกืจืšโ€™ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸื“ื‘ื•ืง /ื—ื‘ื•ืจ*,ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช]:ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืกื˜. -ืื™ ืกืจื™ืš ืžืจื™ืื” ืงืืชื™;ืจืฉโ€œื™โ€“ ืกืจื™ืš- ื ื“ื‘ืง ื”ืงืฉ ื‘ื“ื; ื™ื‘ืžโ€˜ืงื›ื:โ€“ ืโ€ื ื“ืœื ืžืกืจื™ืš; ืจืฉโ€œื™โ€“ ืžืกืจื™ืš- ืžืชื—ื–ืง ื•ื ื“ื‘ืง . *[ื ื’ื–ืจ ืžโ€™ืฉืจื•ืšโ€™ (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืขืœ),ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช]:ืฉื‘ืช ื ื’.โ€“ ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœื ื™ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื• ืžืกืจื™ื›ืŸ.

4[ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืœืืคื•ื“ ืขื ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืชื™ื”ื,ื•ืžืœืžื˜ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื™ื—ื“,ืื ื›ื™ ืขโ€ื™ ืคืชื™ืœ ืชื›ืœืช ืžืœืžื˜ื”].

5ืื‘โ€œืข ืฉืžโ€˜ื›ื—:ื›ื—โ€“ื•ื™ืจื›ืกื• ืžื’ื–ืจืช:ืžืจื›ืกื™ ืื™ืฉ (ืชื”โ€™ืœื:ื›ื),ื›ื“ืจืš ืขื•ื•ืช.ืื‘โ€œืข ื™ืฉืขโ€˜ืž:ื“โ€“ื•ื”ืจื›ืกื™ื,ืžื’ื–ืจืช ืžืจื›ืกื™ ืื™ืฉ (ืชื”โ€™ืœื:ื›ื),ื›ื˜ืขื ืžืงื•ื ืžืขื•ื•ืช.ืื‘โ€œืข ืชื”โ€˜ืœื:ื›ื-ืชืกืชื™ืจื ืžืจื›ืกื™ -ืฉืชืกืชื™ืจ ืคื ื™ื ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืžืขื•ื•ืชื™ื.

6ืจื™ื‘โ€œื’,ืขืจืšโ€˜ืจื›ืกโ€˜:ื•ื™ืจื›ืกื• ืืช ื”ื—ืฉืŸ (ืฉืžโ€™ื›ื—:ื›ื—),ื•ื”ืจื›ืกื™ื ืœื‘ืงืขื” (ื™ืฉืขโ€™ืž:ื“),ืžืจื›ืกื™ ืื™ืฉ (ืชื”โ€™ืœื:ื›ื),ื•ืคืจื•ืฉ ื•ื™ืจื›ืกื• ืืช ื”ื—ืฉืŸ -ื™ื—ื–ืงื•ื”ื•.ื•ืคืจื•ืฉ ืžืจื›ืกื™ ืื™ืฉ: ืžึดืงึฐืฉึตื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ื•ืžืฆื•ืงื™ื”ื ื•ื”ืชืขื•ืœืœืโ€ฆ ื•ื”ืจื›ืกื™ื ืœื‘ืงืขื”, ื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื™ืโ€ฆ

7ืจื“โ€œืง ืขืจืš โ€˜ืจื›ืกโ€˜:ื•ื”ืจื›ืกื™ื ืœื‘ืงืขื” (ื™ืฉืขโ€™ืž:ื“),ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื. ื•ืžืฉืงืœ ืื—ืจ ืžืจึปื›ืกื™ ืื™ืฉ (ืชื”โ€™ืœื:ื›ื),ืžื’ืื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื•ืžื’ื‘ื”ื•ืชื.ื•ื”ืคืขืœ ืžืžื ื• ื•ื™ืจื›ืกื• ืืช ื”ื—ืฉืŸ(ืฉืžโ€™ื›ื—:ื›ื—),ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื™ื’ื‘ื™ื”ื• ื”ื—ืฉืŸ ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ืขื ื”ืืคื•ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืžื ื•.

8[ื’ื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ ืคื™ืจืฉื” ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื‘ื”,ืืžื ื ืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ]:ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ ืขืจืš โ€˜ืจื›ืกโ€˜ โ€“ ืžื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื”ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจืžื”.ืžื–ื” ืงืจืื• ืœื”ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ืจืžื™ื,ื•ืืžืจื• ื•ึฐื”ึธืจึฐื›ึธืกึดื™ื ืœึฐื‘ึดืงึฐืขึธื” (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืž:ื“),ื•ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ืื™ื ืฉื”ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช -ืžึตืจึปื›ึฐืกึตื™ ืึดื™ืฉื (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืœื:ื›ื).ื”ืคืขืœ ื”ื“ื’ื•ืฉ:ื•ึฐื™ึดืจึฐื›ึฐึผืกื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทื—ึนืฉึถืืŸ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื—:ื›ื—),ื”ื˜ืขื:ื™ื’ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื”ื• ื•ื™ืจื•ืžืžื•ื”ื•.

9ืžืœื‘ื™โ€œื ืฉืžโ€˜ื›ื—:ื›ื—-[ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืœื” ื›ืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ]:ื•ื™ืจื›ืกื•.ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืชื™ืœ ืชื›ืœืช ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืŸ ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืืคื•ื“,ื•ื”ื—ืฉืŸ ืžื•ื ื— ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืืคื•ื“ ื•ืขื™โ€ื› ืœื ื™ื–ื— ื”ื—ืฉืŸ ืžืขืœ ื”ืืคื•ื“ ืœืฉื•ื ืฆื“.ืžืœื‘ื™โ€œื ื™ืฉืขโ€˜ืž:ื“(ืคโ€˜ื”ืžืœื•ืช) โ€“ [ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืจื›ืกื™ื โ€œืžื“ื•ื‘ืงื™ื ื–ืœโ€ื–โ€]:ื ืงืจื ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืจื›ืกื™ื,ืฉื”ื ื”ืจื™ื ื’ื‘ื ื•ื ื™ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืงื™ื ื–ืœโ€ื–(ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืจื›ืกื• ืืช ื”ื—ืฉืŸ)ืขื“ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกื‘ื‘ ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ื”ื“ืจืš,ืžืงื•ื ืขืงื•ื‘.ืžืœื‘ื™โ€œื ืชื”โ€˜ืœื:ื›ืโ€“[ืžืกื‘ื™ืจโ€ืžืจื•ื›ืกื™ ืื™ืฉโ€ื›ืžืฉืœ ืœื”ืจื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ืจื›ืกื™ื ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืงื™ื ื–ืœโ€ื–,ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช]:ื™ืกืชื™ืจื ืžืจื›ืกื™ ืื™ืฉ,ืจโ€ืœ ืฉื™ื ืฆืœื• ืžืŸ ื”ืจื›ืกื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื™ืฉ,ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื•ื”ืชืื•ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื›ืจื›ืกื™ื ื”ืžืงืœืงืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืฉืจ.

10ื™ืจื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” (ื’:ื—,ืโ€“ืชโ€œื“) โ€“ ื•ื™ืจื›ืกื• ืืช ื”ื—ืฉืŸ.ืœื“ืขืช ืงืฆืช ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืœโ€™ื’ื‘ื”ื•ืช,ื•ืœืจืฉโ€ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœโ€™ื—ื‘ื•ืจ,ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืžื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ื•ืจโ€ฆืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉืจ,ืฉืื—ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืื• ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื—ื‘ื™ืจื•,ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉโ€ื•ื™ืจื›ืกื• ืืช ื”ื—ืฉืŸโ€ืฉื™ื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉืŸ ืขื ื”ืืคื•ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืชื™ืœ ืชื›ืœืช,ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื•ืฉื•ื• ืœืžืขืœื” -ืฉืœื ื™ื’ื‘ื” ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•โ€ฆ

11[ืจืžื‘โ€ืŸ ื•ื—ื–ืงื•ื ื™ ื”ืฉื•ื•ึผื”ึธ ืœโ€™ื™ืกื—โ€™ (ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื–ืกืฉืจโ€ืฅ)]:ืจืžื‘โ€œืŸ-ื•ืœื ื™ื–ื— ื”ื—ื•ืฉืŸ -ืœโ€™ื ืชื•ืง,ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขืจื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื,ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื•ื ืฉ ื‘ืŸ ืœื‘ืจืื˜,ืœโ€™ืจืฉโ€ื™.ื•ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื™ืกื—,ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื’ืื™ื ื™ืกื— ื”โ€™ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื˜ื•:ื›ื”),ื•ื‘ื•ื’ื“ื™ื ื™ืกื—ื• (ืฉื ื‘:ื›ื‘),ืขื ื™ืŸ ื ืชื™ืฆื” ื•ื ืชื•ืง,ื‘ื—ืœื•ืฃ ื”ืกืžโ€ืš ื•ื”ื–ื™โ€ืŸ.ื—ื–ืงื•ื ื™-ื•ืœื ื™ื–ื— ืœื ื™ืกื—,ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืฆืื™ื”ื ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืชื—ืœืคื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื•.

12[ื•ืžืขื™ืŸ ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ืจื™ื‘โ€ื’(ืขืจืšโ€™ื–ื—ื—โ€™)]:ื•ืขืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืžื–ื” ื›ื™ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื–ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื–ื ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื–ื—ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื—ื™ื” ื•ื”ื”ืกืจื”.

13[ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื™ื™ืง ืฉื”ื’ืžโ€™ืœื ื ืงื˜ื” ื‘ืžืœื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืกืจื” ืื• ื ื™ืชื•ืง,ืืœื ืœโ€™ โ€œืžื–ื™ื—โ€]:ื™ื•ืžื ืขื‘. โ€“ ืืจโ€ื:ื”ืžื–ื™ื— ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืžืขืœ ื”ืืคื•ื“โ€ฆืœื•ืงื”,ืฉื ืโ€™ืœื ื™ื–ื—.[ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืกื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ื›ืืŸ,ืฉืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืกืจื” ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืื’ื‘ ื”ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื”].

14[ืžืขื™ืŸ ื›ืš ื’ื]:ืืœืฉื™ืš ื•ื™ืงืจื ื˜ื–:ืœื“-ืืฉืจื™ ื ืฉื•ื™ ืคืฉืข (ืชื”โ€™ืœื‘) โ€“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื•ื— ื”ืคืฉืข.

15ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื—:ื›ื—.

16ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื˜:ื™ื˜.

17[ื•ืจื“โ€ืง ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉืจืฉื™ื]:ืขืจืšโ€™ืžื–ื—โ€™:ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ื— ืขื•ื“ (ื™ืฉืขโ€™ื›ื’:ื™),ื•ืœืžื–ื— ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื—ื’ืจื” (ืชื”โ€™ืงื˜:ื™ื˜)โ€ฆื•ืžื–ื™ื— ืืคื™ืงื™ื ืจืคื” (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™ื‘:ื›ื).ืขื ื™ื ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืง ื•ืชื•ืงืฃ.ื•ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื—ื’ื•ืจื” ื—ื•ื–ืง ื”ืžืชื ื™ื ืงืจื ื”ื—ื’ื•ืจื” ืžื–ื— ื•ืœืžื–ื— ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื—ื’ืจื”.

18[ืจืื” ืกืคืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื ืฉ ืขืžโ€™ 60, ืฉื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื ื—ื]:ื•ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืœื ืฆื—,ื›ื™ ื”ืžโ€™ืžืฉืจืฉโ€™ืžื–ื—โ€™ื›ืžโ€™ืžืขื™ืงืจโ€™ืžืฆื—โ€™,ื•ืคืชืจื•ืŸโ€ืœื ื™ื–ื— ื”ื—ืฉืŸโ€ โ€“ ืœื ื™ืžืขื“ ื”ื—ืฉืŸ,ื›ืžืฉืžืขื• ื‘ืœโ€™ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช.ื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืืžืจ: โ€œื•ืœื ื™ืชืคืจืง ื—ื•ืฉื ืโ€ื‘ืืจืžื™ืช.

19[ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืก ื•ื ืชื™ืฆื”ืœื”ื™ื“ื•ืงืžืฆื™ื ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžืชื• ื’ื ื‘ืฉืจืฉ โ€˜ื ืงืฃโ€™ (ืขโ€™ืจื™ื‘โ€ื’),ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃื•ื’ื ืขืœ ื›ืจื™ืชื”(ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืืžืจื™ื ื• ืœืคโ€™ื›ื™ ืชืฉื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืงืฃ-ืชื•ืงืฃ),ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืคโ€™ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘โ€™ื”ื•ืจืื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ โ€œื”ื™ื“ื•ืงโ€].

20[ื›ืœื•ืžืจ,ื›ืžื“ืชื•].

21[ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ]:ื‘โ€œืจ ืžื–:ื•-ืืจโ€ืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื‘ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ:ื•ึทื™ึทึผืขึทืœ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืžึตืขึทืœ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื (ื‘ืจโ€™ื™ื–:ื›ื‘),ื•ึทื™ึทึผืขึทืœ ืžึตืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื”:ื™ื’),ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึตึผื” ื”โ€™ื ึดืฆึธึผื‘ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• (ื‘ืจโ€™ื›ื—:ื™ื’).[ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืฉโ€ื  ื‘ืจืฉโ€ื™ ืœื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื–:ื›ื‘].

22[ื›ื“ืจืฉืชื ื–โ€ืœ]:ืฉื”โ€œืฉ ื’:ื™-ืจึฐืคึดื™ื“ึธืชื•ึน ื–ึธื”ึธื‘ ืžึถืจึฐื›ึธึผื‘ื•ึน ืึทืจึฐื’ึธึผืžึธืŸ;ืžื“ืจืฉ ื–ื•ื˜ื (ืฉื”โ€ืฉ[ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ]ืคืจืฉื” ื’) โ€“ ืžืจื›ื‘ื• ืืจื’ืžืŸ.ื–ื” ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“.


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20 ืฆืคื™ื•ืช0 ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช
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